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he was able to make this ferocious attack upon Western civilization because he knew it inside out…. He had spent some twenty years studying it

As it had been for Cesaire, so it was for all of them. They would all pass through the prepossessing claims of bourgeois ideology for Western cultural …

[...] Most significant, however, were the attitudes colonial administrators developed toward the activities of the missions. The construction of Black Europeans was overly ambitious in their eyes. In 1938, Arthur Mayhew would advise an Oxford University summer session for colonial administrators th…

In other words, those peoples who had in the most early era of the colony’s development as a plantation and mining economy served as the source of labor were seen as pliable and naturally agrarian; those whose recruitment coincided with the region’s beginning of urbanization and secondary manufactu…

[...] “The general opinion seems to have been that the negroes were worked too hard, and … that this was often deliberately done, as many masters considered it cheaper to buy slaves than to breed them.”166 As a consequence, the colony was forced to import Africans at a rate, which, by the time of t…

World labor unrest in the twentieth century, we argued in Chapter 4, has been embedded in a pendulum swing between crises of profitability and crises of social legitimacy. The crisis of profitability marked by the Great Depression of the late nineteenth century was resolved through a series of fixe…