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Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is an extensive pattern of distorted regard for self and others. Although it is normal and healthy to take a positive attitude toward oneself, narcissistic persons exhibit an inflated view of self as special and superior. Rather than strong self-confidence, h…

People with a HPD view themselves as sociable, friendly, and agreeable, and, in fact, they are often perceived as very charming at the beginning of a relationship. However, as the relationship continues, the charm seems to wear thin and they gradually are seen as overly demanding and in need of con…

Given that other people hold the key to survival in the world, histrionic patients tend to also hold the basic belief that it is necessary to be loved by everyone for everything one does. This leads to a very strong fear of rejection. Even entertaining the notion that rejection is possible is extre…

Thus, antisocial patients’ automatic thoughts and reactions are frequently distorted by self-serving beliefs that emphasize immediate, personal satisfactions and minimize future consequences. The underlying belief that they are always right makes it unlikely that they will question their actions. P…

Paranoid individuals have a strong tendency to blame others for interpersonal problems, usually can cite many experiences which seem to justify their convictions about others, are quick to deny or minimize their own problems, and often have little recognition of the ways in which their behavior con…