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Narcissistic individuals can be quite judgmental, opinionated, and forceful in communication, because they believe that superior people have superior judgment. Cognitive processes, however, are characterized by categorical, black-and-white reasoning, striking confirmatory biases, arbitrary inferenc…

Other people are viewed as objects or tools in the quest for distinction, and the narcissistic patient expends a great deal of mental energy comparing him- or herself and judging the worth of others. If others have the potential to advance the narcissist in some way, they will be idealized and purs…

The narcissistic person assumes that certain circumstances or tangible assets provide evidence and validation of superiority, special status, and importance. Thus, this patient believes that “I must succeed in order to prove my superiority.” Such proof might include community influence, income leve…

DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration,
and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of
contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

(…

[...] However, Baumeister notes that “narcissists are no more aggressive than anyone else, as long as no one insults or criticizes them” (p. 101).

Bushman and Baumeister (1998) apply a psychodynamic, motivational theory to discriminate between high self-esteem per se and narcissism, separating e…