The skills needed to take advantage of new technology proliferate and are developed over time through communities of practice that share expertise with each other. Over time, the new skills are routinized and it becomes easier to train lots of people to exercise them. It is at that point that they begin to affect productivity and improve the wages and incomes of large numbers of people.

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[...] As coding becomes routinized, the educational needs of those practicing it become less demanding. For many types of programming, people need the equivalent of vocational training rather than an advanced software engineering or math degree. And that’s exactly what we see with the rise of coding academies and boot camps.