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These security measures provide spaces in which states intentionally exercise a ‘variegated sovereignty’ in which there is little or no corporate tax, little or no income tax for noncitizens, no customs or tariffs, and very little regulation.

States can also choose to create enclaves where laws and regulations are held in abeyance, ostensibly to spur commerce.

But the case is notable for the portentous and pedantic elaborations made by the arbitrator,

Infilling coastal areas with material dredged from the sea introduces sedimented marine pollution into liminal coastal areas and shorelines.