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parlous
the "parlous state" of German unions
uncertain
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Baumol effect
Such a bias arises in an acute form in what is known as the Baumol effect, after the US economist William J. Baumol, who argued that productivity grows faster in certain sectors than in others, and that in some sectors there was no scope for producing more output per person.
example given: if cars can be built more quickly, and wages rise in line with manufacturing productivity, then the fact that you can't make (say) education more "productive" the same way means the relative cost of education will be higher
notable
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decline in unionisation archive/dissertation
[...] the decline in unionisation is the result of the bias in technical change towards skilled workers. Technological change biased towards skilled workers undermines the coalition between them and unskilled workers that provides the basis for union bargaining power, and the consequent decline in …