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Thus, in depression, the depressive mode is cathected; in generalized anxiety disorder, the danger mode is cathected; in panic disorder, the panic mode is cathected (Beck et al., 1985).

The typical dysfunctional beliefs and maladaptive strategies expressed in personality disorders make individuals susceptible to life experiences that impinge upon their cognitive vulnerability. Thus, the dependent personality disorder is characterized by a sensitivity to loss of love and help; the …

It is rare that personality problems are the chief complaint of a patient presenting for treatment. Instead, difficulties with depression, anxiety, or external situations compel the patient into treatment. Personalitydisordered patients will often see the difficulties they encounter in dealing with…