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The key word for narcissistic personality disorder is “self-aggrandizement.”

Self-view: The narcissistic personalities view themselves as special and unique—almost as princes or princesses. They believe that they have a special status that places them above ordinary people. They consider themsel…

The key words for obsessive–compulsives are “control” and “should.” These individuals make a virtue of justifying the means to achieve the end to such an extent that the means becomes an end in itself. To them, “orderliness is godliness.”

Self-view: They see themselves as responsible for themsel…

Even though this disorder is not included in DSM-IV-TR, we have found that a significant number of patients have behaviors and beliefs indicative of this disorder. Individuals with passive–aggressive personality disorder have an oppositional style, which belies the fact that they do want to get rec…

Self-appraisals and self-evaluations are important methods by which people can determine whether they are “on course.” Whereas selfappraisal may simply represent observations of the self, self-evaluation implies making value judgments about the self: good–bad, worthwhile– worthless, lovable–unlovab…

Among the basic components of the personality organization are sequences of different kinds of schemas that operate analogously to an assembly line. For purposes of simplification, these structures may be viewed as operating in a logical linear progression. For example, exposure to a dangerous stim…