LBOs generated such an environment of fear that corporations restructured themselves in anticipation of takeover attempts, hoping to raise their stock prices and render themselves less vulnerable to the restructuring rationales of corporate raiders. Shareholder value advocates applauded this avalanche of LBOs as a salutary spread of market discipline. By the mid-1980s, we see an illustration of Foucault's notion of capillaries of power: corporations across the United States were restructuring as if doing so out of individual choice and efficient self- and shareholder betterment. While Wall Street's stock market surveillance was constantly in the background, the actual threat of an LBO was no longer necessary (Foucault 1980).