[...] Taylorism in the organisation of work and Fordism in the wage levels of workers. Then the Keynesian compromise, in other words vigorous counter-cyclical operations conducted via government spending and the maintenance of wage increases within the margins of productivity increases. This challenge to the traditional rules of financial orthodoxy (as they existed prior to the Great Depression of the 1930s) was accompanied by a change of scale in the institutional mechanisms governing the redistribution of income. There was a marked general increase in taxes and social security deductions [...] The welfare state, the founding principles of which had been laid down by Beveridge in 1943, was an unprecedented socialisation of the maintenance and reproduction of the workforce within a coherent system of social protection. [...] The vast majority of the countries of the South remained as 'developing' countries, because their resources were used to lower the cost of manufactured goods in the North rather than to build self-reliant economies--economies based on the development of their own domestic consumption. As a result, decolonisation was very soon replaced by economic dependence, which very soon turned into bondage to external debt. [...]