To be sure, there was a disproportionately high number of Jewish moguls—just as there was an over-representation of those with roots in northwest Europe in the U. S. elite generally—a ratio that somehow failed to ignite a furor. And, as Arthur Liebman has written, “the Jewish contribution to the Left in the United States during the twentieth century ranks the highest of any immigrant or ethnic group.”59 There was no mystery to this phenomenon either. Those who feel the most pain often scream the loudest; the victims of bias often feel driven into protest movements. This explains why African Americans also have been disproportionately represented in protest movements during the second half of the twentieth century.60 But this intelligence agent was suggesting something far more treacherous and menacing. He seemed to be harking back to a classical anti-Semitism and the canard that there was a conspiracy to establish hegemony by Jews of all classes.