Here, though, we must be careful not to confuse jobs or occupations with tasks. What a particular occupation “does” is never one thing. A job is only ever a specific grouping of discrete tasks, some of which are more repetitive and easily mimicked by machines, others of which are more intuitive, subjective, contingent. Automation replaces tasks, not jobs. When the principles of automation are introduced into a particular branch of production, this tends to compel a restructuring of the prevailing division of labor rather than simply suppressing this or that “occupation.” The fate of the bank teller is a well-known example. The introduction of the now-ubiquitous automated teller machine (atm) did not spell the disappearance of the human teller; it merely shifted the responsibilities of those employees dealing directly with customers away from handling deposits and withdrawals and toward (say) the marketing of credit cards, consumer loans, and other banking services. The atm, in turn, represents a highly visible example of what Jonathan Gershuny identifies as the rise of a “self-service” economy, in which tasks formerly performed by paid employees are imposed on consumers: the automated teller replaces the bank employee’s labor not with a machine, but with the free labor of its user.