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This did not mean that every region should produce everything for itself and therefore live in a state of pure autarky. On the contrary, trade is crucial because some regions have smaller markets than others, and raw materials and agricultural lands are not evenly distributed along national lines.

The development economists rejected Ricardo's occlusion of colonialism, and the reliance on strategies that freed up the First World to donate aid rather than rethink its own finan­cial and political dominance.

But even the most anticommunist among the Bandung delegates supported the idea of some autarky for the Third World from the immense power of the First World.

this bloc would, alongside the socialist one, be the bulwark against "dol­lar imperialism" and offer an alternative model for development.

the darker nations should aspire to nothing more than a strictly local ambit