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The demobilization of the population led almost inexorably within the Third World to military coups and military rule. Where the military did not overthrow the civilian government, the inability of states to break from colonial borders and other such dilemmas led to a strengthened military brass. M…

In March 1 963, Ben Bella's government promulgated a set of laws known as the March Decrees. These had been created in consultation with a group of European and Arab Trotskyites (including the Egypt­ian Luftallah Solliman, the Moroccan Mohammed Tahiri, and the Algerian Mohammed Harbi) who favored w…

[...] the FLN failed the legions of anticolonial supporters who wanted a role in the creation of a new Algeria. The FLN's charter did not fully support the energy of the people; it was keener to demobi­lize this enthusiasm. The Third World "nation" did not fully live up to its promise of radical de…

[...] Fanon defended the right of national liberation movements to adopt armed struggle, as the movements would do at Ha­vana's 1966 Tricontinental. His defense, however, was not on tactical or even strategic grounds; he maintained that violence is necessary to wrench a colonized society into freed…

Who would have thought that by the mid-twentieth century the darker nations would gather in Cuba, once the playground of the plu­tocracy, to celebrate their will to struggle and their will to win? What an audacious thought: that those who had been fated to labor without want, now wanted to labor in…