[...] as Brenna Bhandar puts it, colonial encounters have long relied on the logics of private property in order to create cap­i­tal­ist markets, in turn producing racial regimes of owner­ship that haunt the pre­sent. Such confrontations have manifested “a conceptual apparatus in which justifications for private property owner­ship remain bound to a concept of the h uman that is thoroughly racial in its makeup.” As she notes, while racial capitalism was indeed a core tenet of feudal ­Europe prior to the colonization of the Ameri­cas, it became globalized in the era of modern colonialism, which relied on new technologies of economic, racial, and spatial m easurement, codification, and abstraction. Such techniques ­were used to render colonized ­peoples “outside of history, lacking the requisite cultural practices, habits of thought, and economic ­organization to be considered as sovereign, rational economic subjects.”40 Prior imperial vio­lence is thus not simply stuck in the past but is rather an ongoing condition of possibility that very much informs cap­i­tal­ist logics and their racial technologies.