abscissa (en)

(mathematics, in a system of coordinates) the distance from a point to the vertical or y -axis, measured parallel to the horizontal or x -axis; the x -coordinate

apparatchiks (en)

members of a communist party apparat (apparatus)

autarkic (en)

the condition of self-sufficiency, especially economic, as applied to a nation; a national policy of economic independence

caging effect (en)

when some human groups are forced into new, more extensive and elaborate forms of social organisation (e.g., serfdom, slavery, tribute payments) due to a lack of an escape route as well as active coercion from the ruling class

establishmentarian (en)

of, relating to, or favoring the (present) social or political establishment

financialization (en)

the process whereby the financial industry becomes more prominent

garrison states (en)

a state organized to serve primarily its own need for military security; also : a state maintained by military power

Kondratieff cycles (en)

a proposed economic phenomenon whereby profits decrease over time (as monopolistic forces decline), in a cycle; phases: expansion, stagnation, and recession

Marxian (en)

pertaining to Karl Marx and ideas he explicitly explored in his writings; differs from Marxist in that the latter includes ideas developed by others in the same vein of thought

materielle Rationalität (en)

material or substantive rationality (coined by sociologist Max Weber)

neoclassical economics (en)

a mainstream approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand; contrast with heterodox economics

Neolithic (en)

(or Agricultural Revolution) the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population; began around 10,000 BC

Oder-Neisse line (en)

the international border between Germany and Poland; drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of WWII

porto franco (en)

(Italian or Portuguese for "free port") a port or an area of a port in which imported goods can be held or processed free of customs duties before reexport.

Pyrrhic victory (en)

a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat

ratchet effect (en)

(labor markets) when workers subject to performance pay choose to restrict their output, because they rationally anticipate that firms will respond to higher output levels by raising output requirements or cutting pay

Solidarność (en)

a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980;s the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party

subproletarians (en)

not a commonly-used term; most likely refering to households considered "lesser" than proletarian households in terms of socieconomic power

syndical (en)

of or relating to a union of persons engaged in a particular trade