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303

Utopia or bust

2
terms
4
notes

Hughes, B. (2016). Utopia or bust. In Hughes, B. The Bleeding Edge: Why Technology Turns Toxic in an Unequal World. New Internationalist, pp. 303-365

304

In 2013, the New Yorker's George Packer found that companies like Google and Facebook are full of people who fervently believe they are changing the world more effectively than any government can, and that it is entirely appropriate to become extremely rich by doing so. Packer found the phrase 'change the world' used constantly in these companies and among their backers, yet they were surrounded by (and oblivious to) levels of homelessness and poverty that had been unknown in San Francisco a couple of decades earlier.

false consciousness? hubris? or another phenomenon entirely

—p.304 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

In 2013, the New Yorker's George Packer found that companies like Google and Facebook are full of people who fervently believe they are changing the world more effectively than any government can, and that it is entirely appropriate to become extremely rich by doing so. Packer found the phrase 'change the world' used constantly in these companies and among their backers, yet they were surrounded by (and oblivious to) levels of homelessness and poverty that had been unknown in San Francisco a couple of decades earlier.

false consciousness? hubris? or another phenomenon entirely

—p.304 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago
332

Given the extreme discomfort and danger of coalmining work, it can seem extraordinary that people would fight so hard and suffer so much to preserve it--but perhaps it is no more extraordinary than the lengths dancers, musicians, writers and climbers will go to, to do what they have set their hearts on doing. It may seem odd to speak of coalminers in the same breath as ballet dancers and composers, but that may reflect more on the inequality of a society in which these different communities have so little mutual contact, than it does on the nature of their per se.

never thought about it this way but good point. it gives them meaning, and that's the big factor you have to account for

—p.332 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

Given the extreme discomfort and danger of coalmining work, it can seem extraordinary that people would fight so hard and suffer so much to preserve it--but perhaps it is no more extraordinary than the lengths dancers, musicians, writers and climbers will go to, to do what they have set their hearts on doing. It may seem odd to speak of coalminers in the same breath as ballet dancers and composers, but that may reflect more on the inequality of a society in which these different communities have so little mutual contact, than it does on the nature of their per se.

never thought about it this way but good point. it gives them meaning, and that's the big factor you have to account for

—p.332 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

a norm that requires people to punish transgressors of lower-level norms

335

Robert Axelrod [...] found that for a social norm to become established [...] society must also and especially disapprove of those who fail to show their disapproval of the offending behavior. This second-order norm enforcement mechanism is called a 'metanorm'

—p.335 by Bob Hughes
notable
6 years, 6 months ago

Robert Axelrod [...] found that for a social norm to become established [...] society must also and especially disapprove of those who fail to show their disapproval of the offending behavior. This second-order norm enforcement mechanism is called a 'metanorm'

—p.335 by Bob Hughes
notable
6 years, 6 months ago
340

Instead of confronting the problem of excess wealth, liberal-minded political groups usually focus on relieving poverty, perhaps by enforcing and raising minimum wages. But raised minimum wages are easily negated when earnings and wealth at the top explode, driving up the price of housing and further augmenting the power of interests that are inimical to things that support general welfare, such as public transport, schooling and healthcare. As wealth gaps widen, the poor rely more on credit, which further enriches the already wealth. Investment becomes increasingly focused on financial opportunities. The principle of inequality, unchallenged, becomes further entrenched.

The epidemiological evidence suggests that inequality is a bit like asbestos: it has no known 'safe level'. Why not ban it? Or why not at least discuss banning it, to draw out all the arguments pro and con? [...]

Elitism's defenders have often argued that inequality is needed to spur innovation. The evidence gathered by this book contradicts that. The story of computers and high technology, in particular, tells us that tolerating inequality becomes downright dangerous as technology gets more powerful. The idea that big rewards (or even any material reward at all) are helpful in any productive sense, has no support [...]

last paragraph: cough paul graham cough

—p.340 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

Instead of confronting the problem of excess wealth, liberal-minded political groups usually focus on relieving poverty, perhaps by enforcing and raising minimum wages. But raised minimum wages are easily negated when earnings and wealth at the top explode, driving up the price of housing and further augmenting the power of interests that are inimical to things that support general welfare, such as public transport, schooling and healthcare. As wealth gaps widen, the poor rely more on credit, which further enriches the already wealth. Investment becomes increasingly focused on financial opportunities. The principle of inequality, unchallenged, becomes further entrenched.

The epidemiological evidence suggests that inequality is a bit like asbestos: it has no known 'safe level'. Why not ban it? Or why not at least discuss banning it, to draw out all the arguments pro and con? [...]

Elitism's defenders have often argued that inequality is needed to spur innovation. The evidence gathered by this book contradicts that. The story of computers and high technology, in particular, tells us that tolerating inequality becomes downright dangerous as technology gets more powerful. The idea that big rewards (or even any material reward at all) are helpful in any productive sense, has no support [...]

last paragraph: cough paul graham cough

—p.340 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago
346

There is an objection which points out that absolute equality is not achievable. That has never stopped societies outlawing other intractable injustices such as rape, murder, apartheid or even slavery. All the great battles against injustice, in which modern societies take such pride, were considered unwinnable until, suddenly, they were won. And some of society's most mundane underpinnings depend on equally 'unachieveable' goals. Perfect verticality is a completely unachievable abstraction but it does not stop bricklayers continually checking that walls and lintels are as vertical and level as they can possibly be; we would never trust a bricklayer who did anything else [...]

—p.346 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

There is an objection which points out that absolute equality is not achievable. That has never stopped societies outlawing other intractable injustices such as rape, murder, apartheid or even slavery. All the great battles against injustice, in which modern societies take such pride, were considered unwinnable until, suddenly, they were won. And some of society's most mundane underpinnings depend on equally 'unachieveable' goals. Perfect verticality is a completely unachievable abstraction but it does not stop bricklayers continually checking that walls and lintels are as vertical and level as they can possibly be; we would never trust a bricklayer who did anything else [...]

—p.346 by Bob Hughes 6 years, 6 months ago

(noun) a horizontal architectural member spanning and usually carrying the load above an opening

346

Perfect verticality is a completely unachievable abstraction but it does not stop bricklayers continually checking that walls and lintels are as vertical and level as they can possibly be

good point

—p.346 by Bob Hughes
uncertain
6 years, 6 months ago

Perfect verticality is a completely unachievable abstraction but it does not stop bricklayers continually checking that walls and lintels are as vertical and level as they can possibly be

good point

—p.346 by Bob Hughes
uncertain
6 years, 6 months ago