anomie (en)

lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group, which lessens social cohesion and fosters decline; popularized by French sociologist Émile Durkheim in his influential book Suicide

casuistry (en)

(noun) a resolving of specific cases of conscience, duty, or conduct through interpretation of ethical principles or religious doctrine / (noun) specious argument; rationalization

dialectic (en)

a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments

liminal (en)

ambiguous; occupying a position at, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold

Marxian (en)

pertaining to Karl Marx and ideas he explicitly explored in his writings; differs from Marxist in that the latter includes ideas developed by others in the same vein of thought

Petrashevsky Circle (en)

group of progressive-minded commoner-intellectuals in St. Petersburg in the 1840s; in 1849, members of the Circle were arrested and imprisoned, including Dostoyevsky

temerity (en)

(noun) unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition; rashness recklessness / (noun) a rash or reckless act