The moral force of assigning the role of monster to the other has a lot of valences

backed up by an implicit moral valence

But the practical application of their ideas—particularly in the digital age—has generated its own valency. gencies charged with the protection of the public have ended up serving their own interests above all.

there are different valences and degrees of insecurity and market adherence

But the sheer volume of spending tells us little about the political valence of government action.

Wallace is equally attuned to the religious valence of the concept