France contributed the third pillar of the social state: the theory of public services. One of its main architects was the jurist Léon Duguit. Strongly influenced by Durk

The initial polarity here is between ideology along Durkheimian lines as a power-enhancing means of solidarity and cohesion in social formations, and ideology as Weberian value-rationality, where there can be no adjudication between ultimate values.

Most Americans had, to be sure, a shallow grasp of foreign realities and were prone to a fearful anti-communism—a case of Durkheimian ideological excess, perhaps.

critical theory must eschew the Durkheimian assumption of a single, overarching pattern of cultural value