In mid-December, a group of foremen organized the Harmony Club, sometimes called the "Bosses' Club," ostensibly to encourage a brotherly feeling and end rivalry among themselves. From it, came a new union, shorn of its "radical element" and called the Longshoremen's Association of San Francisco and the Bay District. The Waterfront Employers Union promptly entered into a fiveyear closed-shop contract. No man, the shipowners announced, could work without the blue dues book of the new union. For fourteen years, the Blue Book union dominated the San Francisco docks and the lives of the longshoremen. Paul Eliel, the Industrial Association's industrial relations director, thought it was "probably in- spired by the employers," but was neither "company-dominated" nor "completely independent." 13 To Plant twenty years later, "It so happened that a large number of the longshoremen had gotten sick and tired of their radical leadership and it was overthrown." He added, "I think we can refer to the fourteen years that followed as fourteen years of peace." 14