This did not mean that every region should produce everything for itself and therefore live in a state of pure autarky. On the contrary, trade is crucial because some regions have smaller markets than others, and raw materials and agricultural lands are not evenly distributed along national lines.

The First World took umbrage at the creation of the UNCTAD.

there is the encomium to Iranian women for their buried labors

described the world as being sundered between "two poles or extremes [...]"

The general critique of cultural imperialism stays within a narrow ambit, because it is only the elite or the urban sections that have access to the symbolic and material items that enter the Third World

most of the cultural commen­tary from the Third World, walked a fine line between the reification of the divide between the colonizer and the colonized, and the treatment of it as dialectical.

Europe could be dismissed out of hand because the answers to Africa and elsewhere lay within their autochthonous traditions.

Cesaire moved away from the antinomic quality of this analysis, even if only partially

the new nation had to protect the canon from chauvinism. It had to promote the idea of the composite cul­ ture or an inherent tendency toward syncretism

because his was not an involuted na­tionalism, he translated work from French and Russian letters