hoary (en)

(adjective) gray or white with or as if with age / (adjective) extremely old; ancient

Kreisau Circle (en)

a group of about twenty-five German dissidents led by Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, who met at his estate in the rural town of Kreisau, Silesia; the group began to falter after Helmuth von Moltke was arrested by the Gestapo in January 1944 and eventually came to an end when most of its members were arrested following Claus von Stauffenberg’s attempt on Hitler’s life on July 19, 1944

Nibelung loyalty (en)

translated from the German compound noun "Nibelungentreue", expressing the concept of absolute, unquestioning, excessive and potentially disastrous loyalty; derived from the medieval chivalric ideal of loyalty as exemplified in the medieval German epic poem Nibelungenlied

perforce (en)

(adverb) by physical coercion / (adverb) by force of circumstances

plebiscite (en)

(noun) a vote by which the people of an entire country or district express an opinion for or against a proposal especially on a choice of government or ruler

revanchism (en)

(noun) revenge / (noun) a usually political policy designed to recover lost territory or status

revanchism (en)

(noun) revenge / (noun) a usually political policy designed to recover lost territory or status