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apparatchiks
(en)
members of a communist party apparat (apparatus)
caging effect
(en)
when some human groups are forced into new, more extensive and elaborate forms of social organisation (e.g., serfdom, slavery, tribute payments) due to a lack of an escape route as well as active coercion from the ruling class
coltan
(en)
a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum (used to manufacture tantalum capacitors, used in electronic products) are extracted; its mining has financed serious conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo
establishmentarian
(en)
of, relating to, or favoring the (present) social or political establishment
garrison states
(en)
a state organized to serve primarily its own need for military security; also : a state maintained by military power
Marxian
(en)
pertaining to Karl Marx and ideas he explicitly explored in his writings; differs from Marxist in that the latter includes ideas developed by others in the same vein of thought
a mainstream approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand; contrast with heterodox economics
Neolithic
(en)
(or Agricultural Revolution) the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population; began around 10,000 BC
porto franco
(en)
(Italian or Portuguese for "free port") a port or an area of a port in which imported goods can be held or processed free of customs duties before reexport.
Pyrrhic victory
(en)
a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat
ratchet effect
(en)
(labor markets) when workers subject to performance pay choose to restrict their output, because they rationally anticipate that firms will respond to higher output levels by raising output requirements or cutting pay
subproletarians
(en)
not a commonly-used term; most likely refering to households considered "lesser" than proletarian households in terms of socieconomic power