bulwark (en)

(noun) defensive wall

caesura (en)

(noun) a usually rhetorical break in the flow of sound in the middle of a line of verse / (noun) a break in the flow of sound in a verse caused by the ending of a word within a foot / (noun) break interruption / (noun) a pause marking a rhythmic point of division in a melody

deracination (en)

(verb) uproot / (verb) to remove or separate from a native environment or culture / (verb) to remove the racial or ethnic characteristics or influences from

Hegelian (en)

(adjective) of, relating to, or characteristic of Hegel, his philosophy, or his dialectic method / (noun) a follower of Hegel; an adherent of Hegelianism

hegemony (en)

(noun) preponderant influence or authority over others; domination / (noun) the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group

historical materialism (en)

(noun) the Marxist theory of history and society that holds that ideas and social institutions develop only as the superstructure of a material economic base

historical materialism (en)

(noun) the Marxist theory of history and society that holds that ideas and social institutions develop only as the superstructure of a material economic base

Jacobin (en)

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution, after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality, commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins; the most famous and influential political club in the development of the French Revolution

obverse (en)

the opposite or counterpart of a fact or truth; the side of a coin or medal bearing the head or principal design

Paris Commune (en)

a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. Following the defeat of Emperor Napoleon III in September 1870, the French Second Empire collapsed, and the French Third Republic rose up in its place (initially intended as a provisional government but it ended up lasting until 1940) to continue the war with Prussia, which resulted in a 4-month-long siege of Paris (ending Jan 28), which laid the groundwork for the Commune

parlous (en)

(adjective) full of danger or uncertainty; precarious

perforce (en)

(adverb) by physical coercion / (adverb) by force of circumstances

Ricardian economics (en)

the economic theories of David Ricardo, an English political economist born in 1772 who made a fortune as a stockbroker and loan broker; influenced by Adam Smith and influenced Karl Marx; wrote about rent, the labour theory of value, and the theory of comparative advantage

sublimation (en)

(verb) to divert the expression of (an instinctual desire or impulse) from its unacceptable form to one that is considered more socially or culturally acceptable