anomie (en)

lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group, which lessens social cohesion and fosters decline; popularized by French sociologist Émile Durkheim in his influential book Suicide

equanimity (en)

calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation

Frankfurt School (en)

a school of social theory and philosophy associated in part with the Institute for Social Research at the Goethe University Frankfurt; consisted of dissidents who felt at home neither in the existent capitalist, fascist, nor communist systems that had formed at the time

helicopter money (en)

a tool of unconventional monetary policy that has been proposed as an alternative to quantitative easing when interest rates are close to zero and the economy remains weak or enters recession; popularised by Milton Friedman in the form of dropping money on the ground (from a helicopter), though he didn't intend it as an actual policy

panopticon (en)

a type of building designed by English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century; allows all (pan-) inmates to be observed (-opticon) by a single watchman without the inmates being able to tell whether or not they are being watched

plutocracy (en)

(noun) government by the wealthy / (noun) a controlling class of the wealthy

precariat (en)

(precarious + proletariat) a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, due to lack of job security; emergence of this class has been ascribed to the entrenchment of neoliberalism; Guy Standing has a book on this

rentiers (en)

a Marxist term (though never actually used by Karl Marx himself) refering to those who receive income - usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits - from their assets and investments