antinomian (en)

(noun) one who rejects a socially established morality

antitax movement (en)

a political movement to lower or eradicate taxation, especially for corporations

apparatchiks (en)

members of a communist party apparat (apparatus)

caging effect (en)

when some human groups are forced into new, more extensive and elaborate forms of social organisation (e.g., serfdom, slavery, tribute payments) due to a lack of an escape route as well as active coercion from the ruling class

entrepreneurial capitalism (en)

defined by Joseph Schumpeter in 1939 as enterprise carried out with borrowed money

establishmentarian (en)

of, relating to, or favoring the (present) social or political establishment

garrison states (en)

a state organized to serve primarily its own need for military security; also : a state maintained by military power

liens (en)

(noun, plural) a right given to another by the owner of property to secure a debt, or one created by law in favor of certain creditors

Marxian (en)

pertaining to Karl Marx and ideas he explicitly explored in his writings; differs from Marxist in that the latter includes ideas developed by others in the same vein of thought

neoclassical economics (en)

a mainstream approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand; contrast with heterodox economics

Neolithic (en)

(or Agricultural Revolution) the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population; began around 10,000 BC

political opportunity structure (en)

an approach of social movements heavily influenced by political sociology which argues that success or failure of social movements is primarily affected by political opportunities

porto franco (en)

(Italian or Portuguese for "free port") a port or an area of a port in which imported goods can be held or processed free of customs duties before reexport.

Pyrrhic victory (en)

a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat

ratchet effect (en)

(labor markets) when workers subject to performance pay choose to restrict their output, because they rationally anticipate that firms will respond to higher output levels by raising output requirements or cutting pay

subproletarians (en)

not a commonly-used term; most likely refering to households considered "lesser" than proletarian households in terms of socieconomic power

superego (en)

ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates (acc to Sigmund Freud)

world-systems theory (en)

multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis; pioneered by Immanuel Wallerstein in 1974