Skilling infused Enron with ideas he had learned at McKinsey, including the importance of periodically culling the herd. Either advance in the firm or leave. McKinsey called it “up or out.” At Enron it was “rank and yank.” McKinsey validated Enron’s strategy, including risk taking, securitizing loans to gas purchasers, and its “asset light” approach. As the McKinsey Quarterly explained, Enron became a world leader in private power generation “because it saw that profit did not depend on construction and operation skills, but on deal structuring and risk allocation.”

According to QuantumBlack’s home page, it helped a soccer team assess the “health of its players and identify the physical metrics that might signal impending injuries.” QuantumBlack’s evaluations were so detailed they included taking saliva samples. “Using objective medical markers and information from prior injuries, we identified the features that correlate to injury onset in the hamstring, upper leg, and lower leg,” the company said. As if to differentiate its work from the speculative chatter of sports radio and TV analysts, the company reported that its blind historical testing “correctly forecast 170 out of 184 non-impact muscle injuries.”