Our age is characterized by the proliferation of ‘simulacra’: a ‘replacement of reality by signs of reality’.

The question of who is a Marxist today is highly complex. It always has been, because this current has always been plural. [...] Moreover, all contemporary critical theories are, in a sense, ‘post-Marxist’. Marxism was so dominant in the twentieth century that no theory escaped its influence.

[...] developed by the Mexico-based Scottish philosopher John Holloway in his book Change the World without Taking Power, published in 2002. The basic idea underlying theories of anti-power is that the transformation of society by the seizure of state power on ‘Leninist’ lines is an illusion, which always results in regimes more detestable than those confronted. On the basis of this assessment, Holloway advocates renouncing seizure of power and changing the world by exploiting the spaces of freedom inevitably produced by capitalism. In line with this idea, and contrary to the Latin American guerrillas influenced by the Cuban model, the Zapatistas have never sought state power. When they go to Mexico City, it is to get their demands heard and occupy the media terrain. A famous saying by Subcomandante Marcos runs: ‘We do not want state power, we want power.’