apparatchiks
(en)
members of a communist party apparat (apparatus)
167
communist apparatchiks
confirm
7 years, 8 months ago
communist apparatchiks
confirm
7 years, 8 months ago
Pyrrhic victory
(en)
a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat
168
The dissident New Left had its Pyrrhic victory in the extinction of communism.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
The dissident New Left had its Pyrrhic victory in the extinction of communism.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
establishmentarian
(en)
of, relating to, or favoring the (present) social or political establishment
168
establishmentarian politics of muddling through
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
establishmentarian politics of muddling through
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
ratchet effect
(en)
(labor markets) when workers subject to performance pay choose to restrict their output, because they rationally anticipate that firms will respond to higher output levels by raising output requirements or cutting pay
172
This proved to be what is called the "ratchet effect" in the historical tendencies of the growing state functions in modern society.
confirm
7 years, 8 months ago
This proved to be what is called the "ratchet effect" in the historical tendencies of the growing state functions in modern society.
confirm
7 years, 8 months ago
garrison states
(en)
a state organized to serve primarily its own need for military security; also : a state maintained by military power
173
the embattled "garrison states" of South Korea and Taiwan
uncertain
7 years, 8 months ago
the embattled "garrison states" of South Korea and Taiwan
uncertain
7 years, 8 months ago
porto franco
(en)
(Italian or Portuguese for "free port") a port or an area of a port in which imported goods can be held or processed free of customs duties before reexport.
173
the relic porto franco colonies of Singapore and Hong Kong
uncertain
7 years, 8 months ago
the relic porto franco colonies of Singapore and Hong Kong
uncertain
7 years, 8 months ago
caging effect
(en)
when some human groups are forced into new, more extensive and elaborate forms of social organisation (e.g., serfdom, slavery, tribute payments) due to a lack of an escape route as well as active coercion from the ruling class
180
The celebrated expression "caging effect" was in fact invented by Michael Mann in his earlier study of ancient empires, markets, and religions.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
The celebrated expression "caging effect" was in fact invented by Michael Mann in his earlier study of ancient empires, markets, and religions.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
Neolithic
(en)
(or Agricultural Revolution) the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population; began around 10,000 BC
185
It made possible what archaeologists call the Neolithic revolution, and thus agrarian societies.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
It made possible what archaeologists call the Neolithic revolution, and thus agrarian societies.
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
a mainstream approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand; contrast with heterodox economics
190
the field of social science fell under the domination of neoclassical economics
notable
7 years, 8 months ago
the field of social science fell under the domination of neoclassical economics
notable
7 years, 8 months ago