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By the constant threat of reshuffles, he kept his last, etiolated Provisional Government in line

Kerensky’s only sop to the Soviet was the exclusion from his dictatorial Directory of any Kadets

‘Without firing a single shot we were victorious,’ Kerensky wrote, ten years later. The ‘we’ was breathtakingly tendentious.

The Bolsheviks took the hardest line: that the Provisional Government in toto could not be trusted